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一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法(1)

一站式掌握英语定语从句的用法(2)

今天和大家分享一下英语定语从句中关系副词的用法。

动词（verb的缩写）关系副词

英语中常见的关系副词有when、where和why。

(1) When?

用作关系副词时，先行词都表示时间，When在定语从句中作时间状语。诸如

I will never forget the days when we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.

这时，当相当于“介词which”的用法时，上面的句子可以改为：

I will never forget the days during which we spent our summer holiday in the mountainous village.

[注意]

1.虽然先行词表示时间，但关系代词有时也用于引导定语从句。这时，关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。比如：

I will never forget the days that/which we spent together in the mountainous village.

关系代词that/which在从句中用作谓语动词spent的宾语。

2.when有时用于引导非限制性定语从句，但有时也用“介词which”的结构。比如：

He was born in 1976, when some of China's great leaders passed away.

I just can't forget my childhood days, some of which have already had their longlasting influence upon my present life.

(2) Where?

当where用作关系副词时，先行词都表示地点。这时，where在定语从句中用作地点状语。比如：

This is the house where the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.

类似when的用法，此时where相当于“介词which”的用法，上面的句子可以改成：

This is the house in which the soldiers once took shelter from the enemies.

[注意]

1.类似when的用法，虽然先行词表示处所，但有时还是用关系代词来引导定语从句，而此时关系代词往往在从句中充当宾语。比如：

This is the house that/which we visited last year.

关系代词which在从句中作谓语动词的宾语。

2.类似于when，where的用法，有时用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时，where往往可以用“介词which”的结构代替。比如：

My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, where he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.

句子中的Where可以用from which代替，即：

My brother works in a faraway mountainous town, from which he can always enjoy a stunning view of the beautiful mountains.

(3) Why?

与when和where不同，why作为关系副词引导定语从句时，其先行词必须是reason，而且只能用在限制性定语从句中，即不能用逗号分隔。诸如

That is the reason why he has left for Shanghai.

[注意]

在现代英语中，why常常可以省略。比如：

This is the reason I opened the window at this time of the day.

六、定语从句成短语

有时，出于简洁结构的需要，定语从句可以转化为短语结构。

但并不是所有的定语从句都能转化为短语结构，一般只有关系代词在从句中充当主语时才能转化为短语。比如：

The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.

The woman standing behind the counter served me just now.

The woman who received me just now is standing behind the counter.

Phrase structure 2: The woman who served me just now is standing behind the counter.

Attributive clause 3: The woman who has just left has served me.

The woman who has left just received me.

[注意]

关系代词在小句中作主语时，在某些情况下不能转换成短语，通常是小句的谓语动词含有情态动词或will、would等助动词时。例如，下面两个句子中的定语从句不能转化为短语结构：

The woman who can dance is Jack's mother.

The woman who will visit her is her aunt.

七。用法摘要

八、小测试

好了，我们来做个小测验，看看之前的分享你都背了多少。

请在文章底部的评论中找到测验的参考答案。

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