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时间:一站式掌握英语状语从句的用法(1)
位置:英语位置状语从句的完整用法
今天我们将继续分享目的状语从句。
一.定义
顾名思义,在句中充当目的状语的句子称为目的状语从句,主要用来补充主句中谓语动词的目的。比如:
He got up early so as to catch the first morning bus.
He got up early so that he could catch the first morning bus.
第一句中的短语以便赶上第一班早班车是用来补充早起目的状语的。
第二句中的he could catch the first morning bus是用来补充早起的目的状语从句的。
第二,连词
在英语中,常用来连接目标状语从句的连词和短语主要有:
so that
in order that
for fear that
lest
in case
客观状语从句的谓语往往包含may、May、can、could、should、will、will等情态动词。
让我们来看看这些连词及其短语的用法。
(a) in order to
所以那意味着“为了;为了”。比如:
We turned on the light so that we could see what it was. Let's turn on the light to see what it is. )
他们在他的床周围放了一个屏风,这样医生可以给他检查。)
[注意]
1.所以有时候可以省略so,直接和那个连接。比如:
把它拿近一点,以便我能看得更清楚。(拿过来让我仔细看看。)
2.当主句主语相同时,so that引导的状语从句可以改为短语结构to do。比如:
: We made a strategic retreat in order to accumulate strength for another attack. We made a strategic retreat,
: We made a strategic retreat in order to accumulate strength for another attack.
3、so that也可以表示结果,意为“因此;所以”。这时,其从句的谓语动词中一般不使用情态动词。比如:
每个人都帮忙,所以播种及时完成了。(大家都帮忙,所以及时完成了播种。)
I didn't notice him, so he flew into a rage. I didn't notice him, so he flew into a rage. )
4.注意so that和so之间的区别.那个。比如:
He stayed up late last night, so he couldn't get up early this morning. He stayed up too late,
今天早上我不能起这么早。)
He went to bed early last night so that he could get up early this morning. He went to bed early after finishing.
这样我今天早上就可以早起了。)
(ii) In order to
为了表示“为了;为了”。比如:
我正在存钱,以便能买一栋房子。)我正在存钱,以便能买房子。)
In order to get there on time, we should start early. In order to get there in time, we should start early. )
[注意]
当主句的主语相同时,由in order连接的分句可以改为短语结构以便do。比如:
我来是为了能见到杰克。)
I came in order to see Jack.
(3) Because of fear
因为恐惧意味着“避免;恐惧。”此时,如果其子句中的谓语动词是should,则should可以省略。比如:
He told us to keep quiet so as not to disturb others. He told us to keep quiet so as not to disturb others. )
We hurried on lest we should be late. We hurried on lest we should be late. )
[注意]
1.当主句主语一致时,for fear that的从句结构可改为for fear that的短语结构。比如:
: We spoke in a low voice so as not to wake the guards. We talked quietly so as not to wake the guards. )
: Let's whisper so as not to wake the guards.
2.当主句的主语不一致时,主句结构也可以改为短语结构。比如:
She picked up the instrument carefully for fear of damage. She picked up the meter carefully lest it be damaged. )
She took up the meter with care for fear of its being damaged.
(4) in order to avoid
免得说“因为害怕;为了避免”。此时,它所引导的从句谓语动词所用的情态动词一般是should,should可以省略,这也是一种虚拟语气。比如:
They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard. (他们低声说话,唯恐被别人听见。)
He took a flashlight lest it (should) get dark before he returned. (为了预防回来以前天就黑了,所以他带着手电筒。)
【注意】
lest一般只用于书面语中。如:
She drew in her breath lest he should hear it now. ——M. Sinclair
她吸了口气,唯恐他现在听见了。
(五)in case
in case表示“万一;以防”。此时,其引导的从句的谓语动词一般都会采用情态动词should,should可以省略,这是虚拟语气的一种。如:
They watched him closely in case he (should) escape. (他们严密监视他,惟恐他会逃脱。)
I stopped suddenly in case he (should) think that I was showing off. (我突然停住,唯恐他会认为我是在炫耀。)
【注意】
1、in case引导的从句中的谓语动词也有可能用其他情态动词。如:
I'll sit up for a time, in case I may be wanted. (我先不睡,说不定会通知得着我。)
2、当in case表示“如果;假如”时,其引导的从句不再使用虚拟语气,也大多不再使用情态动词。如:
In case she comes back, let me know immediately. (假使她回来了,立刻告诉我。)
I keep a warm coat at work in case it suddenly turns cold. (上班时我总带件温暖的上衣,以防天气突然变冷。)
3、注意in case of的用法,表示“假如;如果发生”。如:
In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. (如遇失火,请按警铃。)
We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts. (我们有一台万一断电时使用的备用发电机。)
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