现如今越来越多的人申请留学澳洲,文书材料对申请院校非常重要。那么该如何书写留学essay呢?接下来出国留学网小编带来了澳洲留学essay书写有哪些技巧?
书写技巧。
一、从简:复合句从句简化
从简是指复合句从句简化(clause reduction)。复合句其间有一些重复、空洞的元素。剔除他们,节省空间,精简句子就是复合句从句简化。我知道说起语法很无趣,但是,这种语法现象在地道的英文写作中频率颇高。我认为熟练运用这个工具是英文写作登堂入室的标志之一。以下是《时代周刊》一篇封面文章的节选。作者Michael Schuman是一名“老笔杆子”,其文笔相对更注重表现力。
二、标点:活用分号,冒号,破折号和连字符
标点指的是活用分号(semi-colon),冒号(colon),破折号(em-dash)和连字符(hyphen)。通篇几乎只用逗号和句号也是一种“中国味”。我认为这是由于我们的非专业英语教育不太重视英文这四种标点的使用,比如说高考中就很少考查这些知识点。相反,母语作者在文章中会更多地使用到这四种标点。
a.分号:隐形胶水
Richard C. Wydick在他的法律英文写作经典Plain English for Lawyers中谈到了分号,他描述道:“一些律师对于分号的态度就像是对野蘑菇:有些非常美味,但是有些却是致命的;因为没法分辨两者的区别,那就干脆统统避开。”Wydick自己的观点是分号没有那么危险,并且十分有用。其一,分号可以用来连接两个关系紧密的分句,这种做法的最大好处是可以增添写作的多样性,并且避免使用太多and之类连接词所带来的断断续续感(choppy sentences),同时也精简了用字。这就是为什么我给分号起了个隐形胶水的绰号。
b.冒号:洗耳恭听
冒号表明其后引用的内容是前边内容的列举、总结或阐述。每当放一个冒号,就像提醒读者:我要开始解释了。冒号用作列举则可省去include/including,并在视觉上创造一个更醒目的标志。而冒号更有价值的用法是引导对前文的总结(summary)、阐述(elaboration)或者是例证(illustration)。以下的例子也来源于“Plain English for Lawyers”:
c. 破折号:无声的强调
三、副词巧:状态副词以取代副词短语
“副词巧”指的是多多利用状态副词以取代状态副词短语。换句话说就是将一个词组的意思浓缩到一个副词上。
试比较陈老师提供的几个句组:
活泼可爱。值得多多学习。以下是一些比较容易忘记在写作里使用的状态副词。
四、单一的工具,只能解决单一的问题
就像在一个只有锤子的人眼里,所有问题都是钉子。如果你的英文写作技法有限,表达方式往往也会重复单调,我认为这是“中国味”英文单调无趣的一个重要原因。以上的三宝,从简、标点、副词巧,希望能为你的写作工具箱加上几种工具,把你的作品雕琢的更加细致、凝练。但另一方面,这三宝只是写作的工具,而不是写作的原则,这也是为什么我们会看到作者视情况采取不同的选择。希望我们驾驭英文能够像驾驭跑车,收放自如,风驰电掣,享受到Sheer Writing Pleasure。
书写误区。
1.不能使用第一人称。例如I、me、mine、my这些词,只有文中出现,就是扣分。如果是针对一个大的群体时,可以用we/our,例如:our humans 我们人类。不过如果只是指你和你朋友我们,那样的话不行。
2.一定不能有私人用语,比如 stuff 东西,这种说法感觉太私人。
3.要用肯定的语句,不能含糊不清。例:she is like friendly towards him. 她好像对他很友好。 句子中有“好像”这个意思就不行。
4.每一个段落结构都要完整,包括开头句topic sentence(一个话题),然后支撑句 support sentence, 结合句 linking sentence,总结局 conclusion
5.每段中都需要有和主题对应的题目,不能跑题 。
6.不能出现缩写词,例如只能写can not,不能写can’t。
写作格式。
essay 由 introduction, body, conclusion, reference四部分组成,全文统一用times new roman字体,小四,1.5倍行距 。
essay是理论性较强的论文,通常情况下,一定用第3人称,禁止出现第一,二人称字样,并注意语言措辞,多用些副词。澳洲悠悠论文老师为了避免使用 第一人称,某些地方可以用被动语态或其他句型代替。
参考范文。
Introduction
Nowadays a great majority of teachers argue that students are more and more diverse and it is quite hard for them to know clearly about all the details of each and every one of their students. Fortunately, students’ sharing their own personal story with the teacher can, to a great extent, help the teacher better understand the students so that the teacher can give what students want and provide necessary suggestions for them in time. In this way, there is no doubt that students can in the meantime have a pleasant study journey under the proper guidance of the teacher, resulting in students’ better performance both for life and for study. Personally speaking, I am quite willing to share with you my personal story, hoping that you can know more about me and if possible I can make friends with you when the class is over. Therefore this memorandum explains some of my basic information, the most typical and crucial of which lies in my academic and professional aspirations as will be elaborated in the following.
Body
I am one that hails from China and the reason why I go abroad for further study is that I really long for an overseas education experience. I always hold that an overseas education experience can shape me into a better one through steeling myself to be able to deal with all kinds of difficulties either small or large. I have to admit that the moment when I put forward the idea of applying for abroad study, my family members all disagree with it in that they are afraid that I can not well take care of myself when I am alone abroad. However my persistence has enabled them to see my desire and they are on my side in the end. Many people may wonder why I firmly insist on studying abroad without taking any regard of my parents’ disapproval and what I really expect in college. To be honest, what I expect the most is not something seemingly great but just to broaden my own horizon and strengthen my accounting knowledge by taking advantage of rich resources in the foreign libraries. Moreover, I would like to make as many friends as possible with people from other countries all over the world so that I am able to experience the cultural difference and can keep in touch with those international friends even after graduation. Also, I believe that more chances to practice my English will make it improve step by step and I can speak English fluently some day.
Speaking of my academic disappointments, what is a pity to say is that I have actually done poorly in some of the quizzes either due to my being careless while taking them or my not preparing well enough for them before. Certainly, there are times when there are really difficult problems for me and they are in fact out of my ability, leading to my being unable to solve them. When those occasions turn up, I will become somewhat frustrated in the first beginning while I will quickly adjust myself to figure out ways to help myself out as soon as possible. Thus, I can smoothly tackle those difficult problems in the end. And it is right at the minute when I successfully deal with those difficult problems that I can feel the happiness and relief from within. Or maybe it can be put in another way that the smooth handling of those difficult problems can be regarded as part of my academic achievements. As for other sources of my academic achievements, what I would like to mention is that I have sometimes obtained quite satisfactory outcome in the exams and I am really proud that my efforts can pay off in the due time. By the way, my motto is just “No pains, no gains”, which fits really perfectly in this situation. And when I patiently explain the hard points to other classmates who can not get across to them, I can as well have a sense of making achievements. Furthermore, whenever I find out the way to solve a certain problem or an easier way for that same problem, I can in the meantime taste the sweetness of success.
The rationale why I select accounting as my major is that I am born with rather strong mathematical analysis ability, logical thinking ability together with a profound understanding capacity and I always show fervent interest in numerical issues. Besides, accounting is one of the promising professions in China and it seems to be given increasing attention and emphasis by most people. It is said that China is in great urgency of accounting personnel so that I may be given a greater possibility to have my secured post-graduation employment if I step into the accounting field. The most significant one is that I am sensitive to numbers and I am sure that I am competent enough to become a qualified accountant in the future. When it comes to my professional goal, I have made up my determination that I will spare no efforts to become an accountant as my future career, from a junior one and gradually become a senior one through the constant accumulation of experience and the increase of my knowledge about how to become a better accountant. So for the present period, I have to equip myself with necessary knowledge and skills in order that I can deal with the practical conditions with facility in real scenes.
In order to put the theory into the practice, I have applied to become an intern in Bank of China in the summer vocation and now I have completed that internship. Detailed speaking, I am responsible for dealing with all kinds of documents for Document Center of BC International Settlement and I have to guarantee the accuracy and completeness of all the documents. So when I am with a document, I will tackle it over and over again so that it can be with no errors. And those documents are with a high frequency of numbers, I have actually made my potential to the full play when working as an intern there. Though this internship lasts just for a short vocation, I have really benefited a lot from within and I have realized many defects of my own. I understand that if I would like to be an accountant in the near future, I have to try my best to correct those bad habits and not to commit the same mistake any more. Talking about myself in five years, I feel like that I have already become an advanced accountant and I can easily deal with any account-related issues. Apart from that, I can in the meanwhile turn to some financial methods for better financing of my own funds by using my major advantages.
Conclusion
That’s part of my personal story and I bet that you can know me quite well if you have read all about them. If you would like to know more me, I am pretty eager to share with you other matters about myself. Thanks for your time.
用户评论
我现在终于明白了当时为什么要写essay! 在美的经历让我意识到essay真的不是仅仅为了展示词汇量和语法,而是要展现你的想法、思路和逻辑,这才是真正的考验。
有16位网友表示赞同!
我理解这种压力,留学前我以为essay就是把知识点堆砌起来就可以过关,结果没想到还得结合实际情况去思考问题,而且美式写作风格真的需要时间来适应。
有6位网友表示赞同!
我觉得标题选的非常贴切!因为很多同学在留学前都不太清楚essay究竟要写什么,更别提美式essay的要求了。希望能看到一些具体的案例分析。
有17位网友表示赞同!
我刚去申请美国大学的时候, essay写的很差劲,后来认识了一个学长告诉我,要想写好essay,首先要了解美国的教育理念和文化背景,然后才能把自己的想法融入到essay里去。 这种改变确实让我的essay分数提高了不少
有6位网友表示赞同!
我也是留学前对essay写作理解不多,以为只要字数够多就OK,后来发现美式essay更侧重于个人观点的表达和逻辑结构,这真是个挑战!
有17位网友表示赞同!
我特别关注“美留学期间 essay写作注意事项" 这个部分,因为我觉得很多同学在写完essay后就不会再考虑别的了。实际上,提交前还需要进行修改、润色等等步骤,才能达到最佳的效果。
有14位网友表示赞同!
对这篇博文印象深刻!特别是提到那些常见的 essay写作陷阱,确实常常会让我误入其中不知道,现在看来还要好好加强学习。
有19位网友表示赞同!
虽然很认同这个观点,但我个人认为每篇文章的难度和要求都不一样,没有具体案例很难理解。希望作者能结合一些经典essay示例进行分析,这样更具指导意义!
有12位网友表示赞同!
我觉得留学期间遇到的写作任务和在国内大学学习时还是有所不同,美式essay确实更加强调批判性思维和独立思考能力,需要我们不断地锻炼和积累经验。
有16位网友表示赞同!
写essay确实是很耗费时间和精力的一件事,但我觉得它也是一个很好的锻炼机会,能够帮助我们更好地组织自己的语言表达,提高分析问题的能力。
有16位网友表示赞同!
对于那些在留学申请过程中因为essay而感到焦虑和烦恼的同学,我希望你们能保持信心,不要放弃努力。只要认真准备,结合一些好的写作资源和老师的指导,一定能够写出优秀的 essay!
有16位网友表示赞同!
我之前就对美式essaywriting风格不太熟悉,看了博文后才明白原来还有很多需要注意的地方,尤其是针对不同类型的essay,需要调整写作策略!这个标题也给我想到了我的英文论文写作问题,美式essay是很多同学留学期间遇到的难题。
有10位网友表示赞同!
赞同作者的想法, essay写作不仅仅是一门技能,更是一种思维方式养成过程。 在美留学经历让我也意识到这篇文章的很多内容都是非常有价值的! !
有15位网友表示赞同!
我感觉这篇博文可以帮助很多申请美国的同学了解essay写作的重要性。 但是作者能否结合一些实用案例或者写作技巧分享一下?这样更加切实可行!
有20位网友表示赞同!
之前觉得essay写作就是一个死记硬背的过程,后来在美国留学才知道, 真正的大学教育注重的是批判性思维和独立思考能力,这才是 essay 的根本目的啊。
有19位网友表示赞同!
虽然这篇博文讲得非常有道理,但是对于一些基础较弱的同学来说,可能很难理解作者的意思。 我建议可以再详细一点,列出一些具体的写作技巧和注意事项!
有7位网友表示赞同!
我觉得留学前就要重视essay写作的学习,因为这不仅关系到申请结果,更重要的是美式教育模式对学生的思考能力有着很大的要求。
有14位网友表示赞同!
留学期间遇到的不同的essay写作任务确实让我逐渐明白了essay的真正意义,它不仅仅是一项考查语言水平的任务,更是考察一个人的逻辑思维能力和表达能力!
有19位网友表示赞同!