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[往期回顾]

历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(上)

[本期内容]

6 Legendary Mercenary Armies From History

历史上的六个传奇雇佣兵(下)

4. Flying Tigers (Flying Tigers)

The official name of the famous "Flying Tigers" is the American Volunteer Team, a unit composed of fighter pilots from three squadrons, who fought against the Japanese with the Japanese during World War II. The unit was first formed a few months before the Pearl Harbor incident in early 1941. President Roosevelt was eager to prevent the Japanese from taking over China while remaining neutral. He allowed former US military officer claire lee chennault to quietly recruit fighter pilots from the US Army Aviation. The risk is high, but the reward is also high: although the monthly salary of most air force pilots is about $260, Chennault's mercenary income is between $600 and $750, and there is a bonus of $500 for every Japanese plane shot down.

著名的“飞虎队”，正式名称为“美国志愿空军”，是由战斗机飞行员组成的三个中队的部队，在二战期间与日军共同抗击日军。这支部队是在1941年初珍珠港事件前几个月组建的。

富兰克林罗斯福总统急于阻止日本占领中国，同时保持中立，允许前美国军官克莱尔陈纳德悄悄地从美国陆军航空队招募战斗机飞行员。飞虎队的风险很大。

但工资也很高：当时，大多数空军飞行员的月收入约为260美元，而陈纳德的雇佣兵的月收入在600至750美元之间，他们击落的每架日本飞机都有500美元的奖金。

About 100 American contract pilots arrived in Myanmar in mid-1941, and they were assigned to protect an important supply line from Japanese attacks. "Flying Tigers"-famous for the iconic shark teeth on the nose of the P-40 fighter-continued to set an unprecedented battle record. Although compared with the enemy, American fighter planes fly slowly and have poor maneuverability, the United States shot down 296 Japanese planes and destroyed more than 1,300 inland ships, while only 69 planes and about 24 people were lost. The organization was officially dissolved in July 1942, but some of its members later rejoined their old units and served for the rest of World War II.

1941年中期，大约100名美国雇佣的飞行员抵达缅甸。他们被指派保护一条重要的补给线免受日本人的袭击。“飞虎队”以P-40战斗机闻名，其机头上画有一排排标志性的鲨鱼牙，创造了前所未有的战斗纪录。

虽然战斗机比敌人速度慢，机动性差，但美国人击落了296架日本飞机，击毁了1300多艘内河船只，仅损失69架飞机和大约20人。该组织于1942年7月正式解散。

但是其中一些成员后来重新加入了他们的旧军队，并在第二次世界大战的剩余时间里服役。

5.加泰罗尼亚大公司(加泰罗尼亚雇佣兵集团)

The Catalan company was originally founded in 1302 by the adventurer Roger de Flohr, mainly composed of Spanish veterans in the evening prayer war in Sicily, Italy. At the end of the war, de Flohr lost his job. He and his mercenaries were employed by Byzantine emperor Androni Kush II. He took them to the eastern Mediterranean to fight against the invading Ottoman Turks. More than 6,500 Catalans successfully drove the Turks out of Constantinople, but their hobby of wanton looting also aroused the anger of the Byzantines. In 1305, Deflo and about 1,300 of his soldiers were ambushed and killed by another group of mercenaries employed by the emperor.

加泰罗尼亚佣兵团最早由冒险家罗杰德弗劳尔于1302年组建，主要由意大利西西里岛晚祷战争中的西班牙老兵组成。冲突结束时，德弗劳尔和他的雇佣兵丢掉了工作，他们与拜占庭皇帝安德罗尼库斯二世签订了合同。

后者把他们带到地中海东部，击退入侵的奥斯曼土耳其人。6500名加泰罗尼亚人成功将土耳其人赶出君士坦丁堡，但他们肆意劫掠的嗜好也激起了拜占庭人的愤怒。在1305年，

德弗劳尔和他的大约1300名士兵遭到了另一群皇帝雇佣的雇佣兵的伏击并被杀害。

幸存的加泰罗尼亚人并没有解散，而是开始了中世纪军事史上最血腥最混乱的冒险之一。加里波利建立非法国家的企图失败后，他们进军希腊，为雅典公爵卖命。但是当发生拖欠工资的纠纷时，

加泰罗尼亚人再次与前雇主开战。在1311年的凯菲索斯战役中击败希腊军队并杀死公爵后，他们发现自己事实上成了雅典公国的领主。令人惊讶的是，雇佣军成功地巩固了他们的权力。

统治了希腊大片地区超过75年，直到佛罗伦萨的一支军队最终在战斗中打败了他们。加泰罗尼亚雇佣兵集团的残余很快就解散了。

6. The Varangian Guard (Varangian Guard)

The descendants of Norsemen who originally ventured south as pirates and traders, the Varangian Guard were a band of Viking mercenaries paid to serve as the personal bodyguard of the Byzantine Emperor. The Guard first took up their post in the late 10th century for Emperor Basil II, who preferred the axe-wielding barbarians to his more easily corruptible countrymen. The unit immediately proved useful in putting down a rebellion, and they went on to serve as the protectors of Constantinople for over two hundred years.

瓦兰吉卫队是北欧人的后裔，最初以海盗和商人的身份冒险南下。他们是一群维京雇佣兵，受雇为拜占庭皇帝的私人保镖。10世纪末，禁卫军第一次为皇帝瓦西里二世执行任务，他本人更喜欢挥舞斧头的野蛮人。

而不是更容易腐败的同胞。这支部队立即被证明在镇压叛乱中非常有用，他们继续作为君士坦丁堡的保护者长达200多年。

At first, the Varangian Guard was almost entirely composed of hard-fighting, hard-drinking Vikings, but by the late 11th century their ranks began to be filled out by Englishmen, Normans and Danes. Winning entrance into the unit was no easy task. Initiates had to demonstrate their prowess in battle and were forced to pay a small fortune in gold as an entrance fee. Still, the gifts showered on the Varangians ensured that its members left extremely wealthy, and some even went on to achieve positions of immense power. One of the most famous guardsmen was Harald Hardrada, who later claimed the throne of Norway.

起初，瓦兰吉卫队几乎全部由好斗和嗜酒的维京人组成，但到了11世纪末，他们的队伍开始由英国人、诺曼人和丹麦人组成。进部队不容易。申请者必须在战斗中展示他们的实力，

而且黄金肯定是用来交很多入场费的。尽管如此，给瓦兰吉卫队的礼物保证了其成员离开时非常富有，有些人甚至获得了巨大的权力。哈拉尔德哈德拉达是卫队中最著名的成员之一，他后来继承了挪威王位。

【Source】www.history.com

[Translated from] Spark Liao (Liao Huaibao)

[Illustration] From ice

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