大家好，关于“冷”背后的真相原来是这样的很多朋友都还不太明白，今天小编就来为大家分享关于“冷”背后的真相原来是这样的的知识，希望对各位有所帮助！

最近很多人都感冒了，因为正处于换季的时候。

动词“have”的用法在《新概念英语》经典版第一册第61-62课中刚刚提到。班上有同学问“得了重感冒”是什么意思？当我告诉她这意味着“严肃”时，

她继续问：什么是重感冒？这个问题很好回答，但是事后我觉得应该查资料确认一下“冷”的真相。

于是，就有了下文。为了您的方便，我翻译并注释了原文，仅供参考。

The truth about colds

感冒的真相

【文章要点】

Doctor: Children under age 4 should not take medicines for colds

医生：4岁以下儿童感冒不能吃药。

Washing your hands is the number one recommended way to prevent a cold

预防感冒的首选是勤洗手。

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infection

抗生素对病毒感染没有效果。

[文本内容]

(CNN) -- This may rock your winter world: You can't get a cold just from cold weather.

(CNN) ——你万万没想到的是，并不是所有的感冒都是天气冷引起的！

With people sneezing and coughing around you, or at your child's school, it's important to separate fact from fiction where colds are concerned. In fact, there are more than 1 billion colds in the United States every year, according to the National Institutes of Health.

当你周围的人或你孩子学校的人在打喷嚏和咳嗽时，你必须区分感冒的客观事实和主观假设。事实上，根据美国国立卫生研究院的统计，美国每年大约有10亿例感冒病例。

And those facts change as scientists learn more about how colds work. Some people swear by zinc as a means of shortening a cold's duration, but research on that subject has been spotty. However, a new study published in the Cochrane Library finds that taking zinc supplements may help ease cold symptoms and possibly even prevent the virus altogether. Still, the researchers were not able to recommend that everyone take zinc because they did not pin down a specific dosage or formulation that works.

当科学家对感冒的原因有了更多的了解，许多以前公认的客观事实正在改变。有观点认为锌可以缩短感冒的恢复时间，但研究证据仍然不足。然而

Cochrane图书馆(汇集了关于医疗保健治疗和干预的有效性的研究。它是循证医学的黄金标准，提供关于最新医学治疗的最客观的信息。一项新发布的研究表明，服用锌补充剂有助于缓解感冒症状，甚至可能防止病毒传播。

尽管如此，研究人员仍然不建议每个人都服用含锌药物来治疗感冒，因为他们还没有确定具体的剂量，并给出有效的配方。

Here's what you should know about colds:

以下是你必须知道的感冒真相：

1.感冒是如何传播的

You can make snow angels in shorts and a T-shirt, but the temperature itself won't transmit the cold virus. There are other hazards, of course, like frostbite, but a cold specifically does not come from the cold weather.

你可以穿着短裤t恤在户外做雪天使，但是温度本身不会传播感冒病毒。当然，寒冷的天气会导致冻伤等其他风险，但如果你仔细研究一下，感冒并不是由寒冷的天气引起的。

Staying warm is, however, important for children with asthma. Sometimes cold weather can spark a flare-up; for those kids, wearing a scarf over their mouth and nose helps warm the air to prevent an asthma attack, said Dr. Peter Greenspan, a pediatrician in Waltham, Massachusetts.

但是，对于哮喘儿童来说，保暖非常重要。有时，寒冷的天气会导致疾病的发作。马萨诸塞州沃尔瑟姆的儿科医生彼得格林斯潘(Peter Greenspan)指出，对于患有哮喘的儿童来说，用围巾包住嘴和鼻子可以保暖。

从而避免哮喘的发作。

If, however, your friend sneezes on a snowball and throws it in your face, that could give you a cold. Or if your friend sneezes on his or her hand and touches a doorknob that you also touch, and then you rub your eye with that hand.

然而，如果你的朋友对着雪球打喷嚏，并把它扔到你的脸上，你可能会被感染并感冒。或者，你的朋友在手上打了个喷嚏然后用手摸了摸门把手，然后你也摸了摸同一个门把手，用手揉了揉眼睛。

你也会感冒的。

'You really have to actually catch the virus through a droplet from a person who's infected with the virus,' said Dr. Sharon Bergquist, internal medicine specialist at the Emory University School of Medicine.

埃默里大学医学院内科专家莎伦伯格奎斯特(Sharon Bergquist)博士指出，“只有直接接触感冒患者身上的病菌，你才会被感染。”

But here's why winter is particularly hazardous: Droplets from a sneeze or cough can travel farther on a cold, crisp day than on a humid one. The nasal passages get dried out in cold, dry weather, and these weather conditions also pull moisture out of droplets to allow the virus to stick around in the air longer.

然而，冬天更容易感冒的原因是这样的：在干燥寒冷的天气里，打喷嚏或咳嗽散发的病菌比在潮湿的天气里更容易传播得更远。在干燥寒冷的天气下，鼻腔很容易变得干燥，

而且干燥寒冷的天气也容易吸收细菌颗粒中的水分，进而导致颗粒容易在空气中吸附的时间更长。

Also, people come into close contact with each other more frequently in winter because they are indoors, making transmission more likely.

此外，在冬天，因为天气太冷，人们经常呆在室内，所以他们会更频繁地相互接触，这大大增加了病菌传播的可能性。

Viruses stay on surfaces such as telephones, doorknobs, elevators and any communal type of space, Bergquist said.

伯格奎斯特博士说，细菌会附着在许多物体的表面，比如电话、门把手、电梯和任何其他社区的公共区域。

Around your house, using disinfectants such as Lysol may prevent colds from spreading, she said.

她继续说，在房子周围使用消毒剂，如来苏水(一种杀菌消毒液体)，可以防止感冒的传播。

A person is contagious a few days before he or she starts noticing symptoms. There is a two- to five-day incubation period. That means if you're exposed to someone who is infected, you're probably safe if you're symptom-free about five days after you've come into contact with him or her.

当一个人发现自己有感冒症状的时候，TA其实早几天就感冒了。感冒通常有2-5天的潜伏期，也就是说如果你在接触感冒患者后的五天内没有任何感冒症状，你就没事了。

2. How long should the cold last (how long will the cold last)

A cold should last about seven days, Bergquist said. There's no proof of 'feeding a cold' or 'starving a fever' -- what you eat probably won't shorten that time of being sick.

伯格奎斯特医生说，感冒会持续7天左右。没有证据表明“感冒了要吃饭，发烧了要饿”——无论吃什么，都不太可能缩短感冒的持续时间。

In the preschool age group, you can expect kids to get almost a cold every month during fall and winter months, Greenspan said.

格林斯潘博士说，对于学龄前儿童来说，秋冬两季几乎每个月都会感冒。

One cold can seem to stick around for a long time, but is really the result of catching multiple bugs, he said. That doesn't mean a child has had the same illness the whole time.

他说，感冒似乎会持续很长时间，但这实际上是因为感冒患者同时感染了不同的病菌。这意味着每个孩子不会只有一种疾病。

There might be more serious problems if there are new symptoms, such as facial pain in older kids, a fever or a worsening cough, Greenspan said.

格林斯潘博士接着说，如果患者出现新的症状，如年龄较大的儿童面部疼痛，或发烧，或咳嗽恶化，病情将会更加严重。

A cold doesn't cause other bacterial infections, but it does make you more susceptible to them. A sign that you might have one of these is that you have a cold, start to feel better after a few days, and then get worse, Bergquist said. You should see a doctor if you have fever, phlegm and severe sore throat that's not improving after three days.

感冒不会导致感染其他病菌，但确实会让患者更容易感染其他病菌。格林斯潘博士说，如果你开始感冒，几天后你会感觉好些，但随后病情加重，这意味着你可能感染了其他病菌。如果三天后，

如果你的症状(如发烧、痰多、喉咙痛)没有改善，就要去看医生了。

3.抗性品种(每个人的抗性不同)

Just as there are a lot of different viruses, every individual is different in ability to resist colds, Greenspan said. There is probably a genetic component, but it also has to do with exposure in the past.

格林斯潘博士指出，正如有不同种类的病菌一样，每个人对感冒的抵抗力也不同。这和遗传有关，但也和过去的生活环境有关。

That's why a cold has the ability to infect everyone in a household except for perhaps one or two lucky ones who don't even sneeze.

所以，每个家庭大部分人都可能感冒，但总有一两个幸运儿连喷嚏都不打。

4.治疗(冷处理)

Doctors don't recommend cold medicines for children under age 4. Medicines that are available are not cures, anyway. They can relieve symptoms for a certain number of hours, but that's it.

医生一般不建议4岁以下儿童服用感冒药。但现有的药物并不能治愈感冒，只能使感冒症状在服药后的几个小时内得到缓解，仅此而已。

While some people swear by supplements like echinacea, there's no scientific basis for them as cold remedies (or prevention measures, for that matter). They're probably not going to harm a child, Greenspan said, but he has no basis on which to recommend them.

虽然有些人认为紫锥菊等补充剂是有效的，但没有科学证据证明它们可以治愈(或预防)感冒。格林斯潘博士说，这些药物可能不会损害儿童的健康，但他不建议服用。

Zinc supplements may have some benefit, as the new study finds, but also have downsides -- besides nausea and a bad taste in the mouth, they may interfere with the body's uptake of other key minerals, researchers said. The new study makes Greenspan a little more open to the idea that zinc works, but researchers did not narrow down a particular preparation of it that is effective. Whether it's truly helpful is still an open question, he said.

新的研究表明，锌补充剂可能有一些疗效，但它们也有副作用。研究人员指出，这些药物不仅可能导致恶心和口臭，还会影响患者对其他重要矿物质的吸收。这项研究让格林斯潘博士相信，

锌可以在感冒中发挥作用，但研究人员并没有给出有疗效的配方。他认为，锌对感冒是否真的有效还值得怀疑。

Antibiotics are not effective against viral infection, Bergquist said. They may be prescribed for bronchitis and ear infection, which are bacterial in nature, but should not be taken for the common cold.

伯格奎斯特博士认为，抗生素对病毒感染没有影响。抗生素对支气管炎和耳部感染有效，但不能用于治疗感冒。

Some people also wrongly believe the flu shot can prevent the common cold. They may feel the flu shot didn't work last year if they caught a cold, but the two are not related. There are more than 200 viruses roaming around in the winter, and the cold and the flu are different types.

有些人误以为接种流感疫苗可以预防感冒。他们认为如果感冒了，那是因为去年注射的疫苗没有起作用。其实流感和感冒是两回事。冬天大约有200种细菌活跃。感冒和流感属于两种不同的疾病。

5. Prevention of colds (cold prevention)

Washing your hands is the No. 1 recommended way to keep yourself and your kids free of colds. You're supposed to sing the full 'Happy Birthday' song twice in the soaping and rinsing process in order to get the complete effect, Greenspan said. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers also work.

勤洗手是预防你和孩子感冒的首选。如果洗手是为了达到最好的预防效果，建议你长时间涂肥皂和擦洗，这样可以完整的唱两遍生日歌。

A good night's sleep can go a long way in preventing respiratory infection, Bergquist said. People who sleep less than seven hours a night have a three-fold greater chance of picking one up than someone who sleeps eight or more hours, she said.

伯格奎斯特博士认为，良好的睡眠可以大大预防呼吸道感染。她指出，每晚只睡七小时或更少的人比每晚睡八小时或更多的人患感冒的可能性高三倍。

Also, always cough into your elbow rather than your hands to prevent your cold from spreading, experts say.

此外，专家指出，咳嗽时，用手肘而不是手掌捂住嘴，可以更好地防止感冒的传播。

关于“冷”背后的真相原来是这样的，“冷”背后的真相原来是这样的的介绍到此结束，希望对大家有所帮助。