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[往期回顾]
一课一题一语法：新概念英语第二册第86课
【回答】
1. They _will have completed_ (complete) the work on the bridge by next Sunday.
2. They _had left_ (leave) for Moscow by the end of last month.
3. They _had been working_ (work) on the problem for ten days before it was solved.
4. They _will have been building_ (build) the house for two weeks by the time she comes next week.
[本期内容]
本周继续分享《新概念英语2》第87课重点句型或语法。先读课文：
一.原文
Lesson 87 A perfect alibi
'At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London,' said the man.
'Do you always catch such an early train?' asked the inspector.
'Of course I do,' answered the man.' I must be at work at 10 o'clock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.'
'Would a later train get you to work on time?' asked the inspector.
'I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.'
'At what time did you arrive at the station?'
'At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.'
'And you didn't notice anything unusual?'
'Of course not.'
'I suggest,' said the inspector, 'that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8 o'clock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.'
可以从以下购买《新概念英语》的第二册官方教材：
新概念英语2教材朗文外研社英语新概念2第二册教材
38.9
买
第二，关键句型或语法
这节课主要复习第十五课、第三十九课和第六十三课所学的间接引语的用法。
第十五课
这节课重点讲直接引语到间接引语的人称变化、时态变化和句型变化的原理。
所谓“人称变化原则”，是指直接引语转换成间接引语时的人称变化，其公式为“一随主语，二随宾语，三不变”，即：
如果直接引语中有第一人称，转换成间接引语时要与主句主语一致；
如果直接引语中有第二人称，转换成间接引语时要与主句宾语一致；
比如：
Kate says to me, 'I will visit you with Jack next week.'
这句话的直接引语包含了第一人称“我”，第二人称“你”，第三人称“杰克”，所以转换成间接引语时，我指凯特，你指我，杰克不变。结果如下：
Kate tells me that she will visit me with Jack next week.
[注意]
主句中的Say to一般改为tell。
所谓“时态变化原则”，是指直接引语中谓语动词的时态在转换成间接引语时是如何变化的。有两条主要规则：
如果直接引语中主句的谓语动词采用一般现在时，间接引语中谓语动词的时态与直接引语一致；
如果直接引语主句谓语动词使用一般过去时，间接引语谓语动词的时态应改为与直接引语谓语动词时态相对应的过去时。
比如：
Kate said to me, 'I will visit you with Jack next week.'
本句中的表示使用一般过去式，所以将直接引语中的拜访改为间接引语中其对应的过去式，即：
Kate told me that she would visit me with Jack next week.
所谓“句式变化原则”，是指直接引语本身转化为间接引语时属于什么句式，决定了连接间接引语的连接词的差异。这节课重点学习当直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语的连接词是that，可以省略。比如：
Jason said to Mary, 'Rose has arrived in Beijing with Mike.'
前一句中的直接引语“rose已经和Mike到北京了”是陈述句，所以改成间接引语时，是和that相连的，即：
Jason told Mary (that) Rose had arrived in Beijing with Mike.
第三十九课
这节课重点讲句型变化的原理，就是在第十五课的基础上，在一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中加入直接引语的用法。
1.当直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语与if/where相连，不能省略。比如：
The man said to his wife, 'Did you attend Nina's birthday party last night?'
它的间接引语是：
The man asked his wife if/whether she had attended Nina's birthday the night before.
[注意]
因为直接引语是疑问句，所以主句中的动词said to要改为asked。
2.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语与直接引语中的特殊疑问句相连，不能省略。比如：
Tom said to Jane, 'What are you doing with my hammer?'
它的间接引语是：
Tom asked Jane what she was doing with his hammer.
第六十三课
这节课重点讲句型变化的原理。在第十五课和第三十九课的基础上，增加了直接引语作为祈使句的用法和主句动词表示“暗示、命令、需求”等动词的用法。
1.当直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语用不定式to do或not to do来连接直接引语的内容。比如：
Oscar said to Kitty, 'Give me your pencil, please.'
它的间接引语是：
Oscar told/asked Kitty to give him her pencil.
[注意]
此时，主句中的said to可改为告知或询问。
另一个例子是：
Eason said to Benny, 'Don't come late for my birthday party tomorrow.'
它的间接引语是：
Eason told/asked Benny not to come late for his birthday party tomorrow.
2.当直接引语主句中的谓语动词表示“暗示、命令、要求、坚持”等。间接引语中的谓语动词往往采用“should do”的用法，should可以省略。比如：
She insisted, 'Stay for lunch, Jack.'
它的间接引语是：
She suggested that Jack (should) stay for lunch.
第三，一课一问
根据这节课的复习内容，我们来练习一下。请把下列句子变成间接引语。
1. Larry says to Ingrid, 'I was reading when you called me yesterday.'
2. Sunny said to David, 'Do you like my novel?'
3. Andy said to Snow, 'Where did you go with
廖怀宝
石雪英语创始人
《英语点津系列辅导丛书》主编
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