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[往期回顾]
一课一题一语法：新概念英语第一册第121-122课
以下是第119-120课的参考答案：
【回答】
1. This is the book _which/that_ I bought yesterday.
2. He will never forget the days _which/that_ he spent in the village last year.
3. Do you still remember the girl _who/that_ helped us during the holiday?
4. The boy _whose_ mother is a nurse is from Shanghai.
5. We can turn to the man _who/whom/that_ you mentioned just now.
[本期内容]
本周我们继续分享《新概念英语1》第123-124课的重点句型或语法。让我们先读第一百二十三课的课文：
一.原文
第二，关键句型或语法
这节课继续学习定语从句的用法。
与第121-122课相比，第123-124课侧重于关系代词的省略和定语从句对短语的使用。
(一)关系代词的省略
在限制性定语从句中，有时用来连接定语从句的关系代词可以省略，前提是先行词是定语从句中的宾语，如：
He is the boy who/whom/that I helped yesterday.
He is the boy I helped yesterday.
另一个例子是：
Do you like the novel which/that she has published?
Do you like the novel which/that she has published?
[注意]
在非限制性定语从句中，无论定语从句中的先行词是什么，都不能省略关系代词。
(二)定语从句变成短语
在限制性定语从句中，有时定语从句可以变成短语结构，但必须同时满足两个条件，即：
1.先行词是定语从句中的主语；
2.定语从句的谓语不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词。
把定语从句变成短语的基本方法是：
1.去掉关系代词；
2.如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，保持动词ing形式或将谓语动词改为ing形式(如果谓语含有完成时，将助动词have/has/had改为having)；
3.如果定语从句的谓语是被动语态，动词保持ed形式(如果谓语含有完成时，把助动词have/has/had改为have)。
比如：
The girl who is speaking to John is my little sister.
上一句的姑娘是先行词，是定语从句中的主语，定语从句中的谓语是主动语态，不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改成短语，只要去掉who和is，
继续讲，那就是：
The girl speaking to John is my little sister.
另一个例子是：
The old lady loves her dog which costs her a lot of money.
前一句她的狗是先行词，在定语从句中是主语。定语从句中的谓语是主动语态，不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改成短语，只要去掉which即可。
并将成本转换为成本计算，即：
The old lady loves her dog costing her a lot of money.
另一个例子是：
The man who has been there twice is a pilot.
上一句中的man是先行词，定语从句中的主语，定语从句中的谓语是主动语态，不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改成短语，只要去掉who，
改变必须要有，那就是：
The man having been there twice is a pilot.
另一个例子是：
I have repaird the window which was broken by my son just now.
前一句中的窗是定语从句中的先行词和主语。定语从句中的谓语是被动语态，不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改成短语。
只需移除其中一个并保持断开，即：
I have repaird the window broken by my son just now.
另一个例子是：
He is the man who has been put to prison.
前一句中的man是先行词，定语从句中的主语，定语从句中的谓语是被动语态，不含助动词shall/will/would或情态动词，所以这个定语从句可以改成短语，只要去掉who，
改变必须要有，那就是：
He is the man having been put to prison.
[注意]
1.在限制性定语从句中，只有先行词是定语从句中的主语时，才有可能把定语从句变成短语结构；
2.如果定语从句是系统表结构，有时可以改成短语，如：
He is my uncle who is expert at swimming.
He is my uncle expert at swimming.
The man who looks sad is my father.
The man looking sad is my father.
3.非限制性定语从句不能变成短语。
第三，一课一问
根据这节课的重要语法点，我们来练习一下。请把下列定语从句变成短语结构。
1. That is our English teacher who plays football very well.
2. This is the book which has been translated into many foreign languages.
3. Have you watched the game which was held in Shanghai yesterday?
4. The soldier who has saved ten children from the fire is only nineteen years old.
5. Do you know the man who is keen on extreme sports?
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